高中高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专题_干扰选项的特征.pptVIP

知识回顾Knowledge Review 高考阅读理解题 六种常见干扰项设置手法 阅读理解是高考试卷中分值最大的题型。近年来随着高考命题指导思想的发展，阅读理解题的考查角度越来越灵活多变。其干扰选项的设置不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推理等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生个人心理品质也是一种检验，因此，干扰项常使很多考生陷入误区。 抓住试题选项特征，正确答案手到擒来！ 1．包含项原则 在分析选项时，假如A选项的内容概括其他三个选项 (或其中一个选项)的内容，那么，我们就说选项A是其他选项的包含项，包含项A往往就是正确答案。 例1 Living in a residence hall carries certain obligation(义务). You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary(卫生) as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant of another person’s habits that may differ from your own. Q: What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory? A. Your roommate’s telephone calls B. Habits that may differ from your own C. Visits by your roommate’s friends D. Roommates who are unsanitary 例2 Q: The three examples are cited to show that ______. ?? A.?Quit smoking is necessary B.?Healthy habits benefit our health ?? C.?Fruits and vegetables are better than milk D.?We should drink more water everyday. 包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。 有时不读原文照样可以做对题，但这绝对不是瞎蒙。 两选项陈述的内容完全相矛盾叫正反项。假如四个选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般是A项或B项。用排除法先缩小范围，以增加得分几率。 2.正反项原则 例3 They feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears. Q: According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when____ A. we are emotionally tired B. we are physically disabled C.?we are so interested in the topic D. we are asked many questions 例4 The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is a little better, but the surface’s temperature is very high. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water ca