《超临界火力发电机组汽轮机综述》-毕业论文（设计）.docVIP

超临界火力发电机组汽轮机综述 Abstract Supercritical steam turbine refers to the main steam pressure above the critical pressure (generally higher than that of 24.0MPa,below 28.0MPa) turbine. Based on the various aspects of steam turbine to deepen the understanding of supercritical steam turbine. The supercritical thermal power unit steam turbine structure and materials to do more detailed introduction, high and low pressure cylinder steam turbine rotor structures and materials analysis. Also joined the supercritical thermal power unit steam turbine in the development history and current situation. Introduction to the special boring cylinder technology and application. The overspeed protection system this paper also introduced in detail. The supercritical thermal power unit steam turbine structure and materials to do more detailed introduction, high and low pressure cylinder steam turbine rotor structures and materials analysis. Also joined the supercritical thermal power unit steam turbine in the development history and current situation. Introduction to the special boring cylinder technology and application. The overspeed protection system this paper also introduced in detail. Key words: supercritical steam turbine,reviews 摘 要 超临界汽轮机指主蒸汽压力高于临界压力(一般高于24.0MPa,低于28.0MPa)的汽轮机.通过对汽轮机各方面的探讨加深对超临界汽轮机的了解。本文对超临界火力发电机组汽轮机的结构及用材做较详细的介绍，汽轮机高低压缸转子的结构用材分析。还加入了超临界火力发电机组汽轮机在各国的发展历史以及现状。特别介绍了闷缸技术的方法和应用。对于超速保护系统文中也做较详细的介绍。 关键词：超临界汽轮机,发展，结构，用材，综述 一.超临界汽轮机组概述及发展历史 1.1 超临界机组概述 在发电循环中,蒸汽参数是决定机组的热经济性的重要参数。同时,提高汽轮机的 效率对提高机组热经济性起决定性的作用,约占其中85%-90%的份额。燃煤火电机组的热力系统是按朗肯循环进行的,提高蒸汽的初参数(蒸汽压力和温度),采用再热系统和增加再热次数都能提高循环的热效率。在一定范围内,新蒸汽温度或再热蒸汽温度每提高10℃,机组的热耗就可下降 0.25-0.3%。如果增加再热次数,例如采用二次再热,在同样蒸汽参数下热耗可较采用一次再热下降。常规亚临界循环的典型参数为16.7MPa/538/538 ℃,发电效率约为 38-39%。当汽机进口蒸汽参数超过水临界状态点的参数,即压力为 22.115MPa,374.15 ℃,统称为超临界机组。在70-80年代,一般超临界循环典型的参数为24.1MPa,538/538 ℃,或 24.1MPa,538/566 ℃,对应的发电效率约为 41-42%。超超临界参数实际上是在超临界参数的基础上向更高压力和温度提高的过程。各国、甚至各公司对超超临界参数的开始点定义也有所不同,例如:日本的定义为压力大于等于25MPa,或温度大于566℃:丹麦定义为压力大于 27.5MPa:西门子公司的观点是应从材料的等级来区分超临界和