自制人体解剖生理学 心理学 神经信息的传递 突触.pptxVIP

人体解剖生理学第四章 突触教育科学学院主讲人：张明浩Email：hellohao2004@163.comTelq：464847943学习目标掌握突触的概念，了解突触的分类掌握兴奋性突触后电位、抑制性突触后电位和动作电位之间的关系了解突触中发生的化学事件，掌握神经递质学会分析突触在日常生活中的应用（一）突触的概念skin1、反射活动比沿神经轴的传导要慢He found that the speed of conduction through the reflex arc varied but was never more than about 15 meters per second (m/s). In contrast, previous research had measured action potential velocities along sensory or motor nerves at about 40 m/s. Sherrington concluded that some process was slowing conduction through the reflex, and he inferred that the delay must occur where one neuron communicates with another . This idea is critical, as it established the existence of synapses. Sherrington, in fact, introduced the term synapse.2、短暂积聚（temporal summation）A light pinch of the dog’s foot did not evoke a reflex, but a few rapidly repeated pinches did. Sherrington surmised that a single pinch produced a synaptic transmission less than the threshold for the postsynaptic neuron, the cell that receives the message.Sherrington proposed that this subthreshold excitation begins to decay shortly after it starts but can combine with a second excitation that quickly follows it. With a rapid succession of pinches, each adds its effect to what remained from the previous ones, until the combination exceeds the threshold of the postsynaptic neuron, producing an action potential.图3.3突触兴奋中后神经的记录3、间隙积聚Sherrington again began with a pinch too weak to elicit a reflex. This time, instead of pinching one point twice, he pinched two points at once. Although neither pinch alone produced a reflex, together they did. Sherrington concluded that pinching two points activated two sensory neurons, whose axons converged onto one neuron in the spinal cord. Excitation from either axon excited that neuron, but not enough to reach the threshold. A combination of excitations exceeded the threshold and produced an action potential. 图3.4 时间与空间叠加图3-3突触的分类（1）根据突触接触的部位分类 轴突-树突突触 轴突-胞体突触 轴突-轴突突触（2）根据突触对下一个神经元活动的影响分类 兴奋性突触 抑