生物信息的传递DNARNA.pptxVIP

Chapter 3 Transcription 基因工程 教研室Content:一、Some basic conception二、Transcription in the Prokaryotic Nucleus三、Transcription in the Eukaryotic Nucleus四、mRNA Differences between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes五、Production of mature mRNA in Eukaryotes 一、Some basic conception1.GeneA region of a DNA molecule containing a sequence of bases that is transcribed into a functional product. Several regions are responsible for the proper function of a gene.Regulatory region-sequence of bases that control the initiation of transcription.Coding region- sequence of bases that are read into a functional molecule (RNA or protein).Termination region-sequence of nucleotides that stops transcription.2.When a protein is needed by a cell, the genetic code for that protein must be read from the DNA and processed.A two step process:（1）Transcription = synthesis of a single-stranded RNA molecule using the DNA template (1 strand of DNA is transcribed). In Eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the nucleus.（2）Translation = conversion of a messenger RNA sequence into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide (i.e., protein synthesis) Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cytosol, or on rough ER3. Template strand and nontemplate strand Template strand: The 3’ to 5’ strand of DNA in a coding region that serves as the template for RNA synthesis. The resulting RNA is a complement of the template strand.Nontemplate strand: The 5’ to 3’ strand of DNA in a coding region that has no function in producing the RNA. It has the same sequence as the initially transcribed RNA, except that Thymine in the DNA is Uracil in the RNA.4. Conventions for describing the strandsSense/antisense+/-Nontranscribed/transcribedNontemplate/templatecoding/template5. Both strands encode genesEither strand of a DNA molecule may be used as a template, but transcription always reads the 3’ to 5’ strand relative to the direction of RNA polymerase movement. 6.转录的不对称性： 在RNA的合成中，DNA的二条链中仅有一条链可作为转录的模板，称为转录的不对称性 7.Five different typ