高中语法专题系列之定语从句.docxVIP

一. 思维导图 概念 限制性定语从句 分类 非限制性定语从句 先行词 定语从句 两要素 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 指物时关系代词that/which区别 重要考点 介词+关系代词 抽象化的时间、地点名词 基本概念 1、定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 2、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即，一个句子充当定语。 基本分类 1、限制性定语从句：对先行词起限制修饰作用，是不可缺少的成分，去掉之后主句意义不完整。 2、非限制性定语从句：先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，是对主句的补充说明，如果去掉，应该对整个句意没有影响。非限定定语从句相当于并列句，状语从句等。 Eg: 1、This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） Eg. 2、The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。如上面例句和图中的the team ，the man。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系词关系代词： that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系词 关系副词： where, when, why Eg: [She is the very beautiful girl] [that I love best.] 二. 重难点（讲解） 重难点一：在先行词指物的情况下，确定定语从句的关系代词使用that还是which。 I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况： 1. 当先行词为不定代词。如： There is nothing (that) I can say about it. 2. 先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。如： The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help. Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? 4. 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。如： The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”. When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall. 5. 被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。如： I am interested in all that you have told me. There isn’t much that I can do. He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes. 6. 先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如： They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited. 7. 先行词是疑问代词时。如： Which is the book that he bought yesterday? Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game? 8. 先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如： This is no longer the place that it used to be. He is not the man that he