天津大学物理化学第五版下册.ppt

* §7.12 电解时的电极反应 例如：用Zn电解ZnSO4(a?=1)溶液，若某电流密度下氢气在Zn上的超电势为0.7V，结果有 E E阴,H2 E阴,Zn ?阴 = E阴,平 – E阴 故 E阴= E阴,平 – ?阴 所以阴极上Zn2+还原析出。 电化学内容关联 重要公式：（1）电解质溶液 重要公式：（2）可逆电池 * NERNST WALTHER NERNST (1864-1941), German physical chemist, did much of the early important work in electrochemistry,studying the thermodynamics of galvanic cells and the diffusion of ions in solution. Besides his scientific researches, he developed the Nernst lamp,which used a ceramic body. This lamp never achieved commercial importance since the tungsten lamp was developed soon afterwards. * NERNST His electrical piano,which used radio amplifiers instead of a sounding board, was totally rejected by musicians. Nernst was the first to enunciate the third law of thermodynamics, and received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1920 for his thermochemical work. * MICHAEL FARADAY MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867) English chemist and physicist, was a completely selftaught man. In 1812, while still a bookbinder’s apprentice, Faraday was drawn to chemistry by attending Davy’s lectures at the Royal Institute. His life was changed by an accident when Davy was temporarily blinded by an explosion and took on Faraday as his secretary. * MICHAEL FARADAY Faraday presented Davy with the careful notes he had taken at his lectures, and Faraday became a laboratory assistant when his predecessor was fired for brawling. Faraday’s first experiment consisted in constructing a voltaic pile using copper halfpenny pieces and zinc discs separated by paper soaked in salt solution. * MICHAEL FARADAY He decomposed magnesium sulfate with the pile. He produced the first known chlorides of carbon, C2Cl6 and C2Cl4, in 1820, and discovered benzene in 1825.He investigated alloy steels and optical glass. During this latter work, he discovered the rotation of the plane of polarization of light in a magnetic field. He discovered diamagnetism and coined the words paramagnetic and diamagnetic. * FRIEDRICH WILHELM GEORG KOH