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GPSSolut(2005)9:283–293DOI10.1007/s10291-005-0134-x
ORIGINALARTICLE
RalfSchmid
MarkusRothacherDanielaThallerPeterSteigenberger
Absolutephasecentercorrectionsofsatelliteandreceiverantennas
ImpactonglobalGPSsolutionsandestimationofazimuthalphasecentervariationsofthesatelliteantenna
Received:15November2004Accepted:2February2005Publishedonline:13April2005óSpringer-Verlag2005
R.Schmid()InstitutfurAstronomischeundPhysikalischeGeodasie,TechnischeUniversitatMunchen,80290Munich,Germany
E-mail:schmid@bv.tum.deTel.:+49-89ax:+49-89M.Rothacher?D.ThallerP.Steigenberger
ForschungseinrichtungSatellitengeodasie,TechnischeUniversitatMunchen,80290Munich,Germany
E-mail:rothacher@bv.tum.deE-mail:daniela.thaller@bv.tum.deE-mail:steigenberger@bv.tum.de
AbstractResultsoftheestimationofazimuth-dependentphasecentervariations(PCVs)ofGPSsatelliteantennasusingglobalGPSdataarepresented.Signi?cantvariationsofupto±3–4mmthataredemon-stratedshowexcellentrepeatabilityovereightyears.TheapplicationoftheazimuthalPCVsbesidesthena-dir-dependentoneswillleadtoafurtherreductioninsystematican-tennae?ects.Inaddition,thepaperfocusesonthebene?tofapossibletransitionfromrelativetoabsolutePCVs.Apartfromsystematicchan-gesintheglobalstationcoordinates,onecanexpecttheGPSresultstobelessdependentontheelevationcut-o?angle.This,togetherwiththe
signi?cantreductionoftroposphericzenithdelaybiasesbetweenGPSandVLBI,standsforanimportantsteptowardmoreconsistencybetweendi?erentspacegeodetictechniques.KeywordsSatelliteantenna?Phasecentervariations?Troposphericzenithdelay?Elevationcut-o?
Introduction
Forseveralyears,absolutereceiverantennaphasecentervariations(PCVs)fromtwoindependentapproaches(calibrationinananechoicchamberand?eldcalibrationwitharobot)havebeenavailablethatareingoodagreementwitheachotheraswellaswiththerelativePCVspublishedbytheIGS(InternationalGPSService;seee.g.,Rothacher2001).Nevertheless,thelatterarestillused,althoughitiswellknownthatsystematicer-rorsaretheconsequence(e.g.,Schmidetal.2005).Thep
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