英语习语(原创).ppt

二、有理据习语(motivated idioms), 习语的意义与构成这习语的词的意义有一定联系 这一类习语的意义虽然不是由构成该习语的各个词的意义合成的，但却是由整个词组的意义引申出来的。 所以是有理据习语(motivated idioms)。 这类习语的特征之一是形象化，带有隐喻或明喻色彩。 如：eager beaver, as cool as a cucumber, smooth tongue, put a spoke in one’s wheels, dance attendance on, as easy as rolling off a log. 这一类习语的另一个特征是：由组成习语的各个词的字面意义引申出转义。 如： draw the curtain 拉开、拉上帘子----结束或掩盖 drag one’s feet 拖着脚步走----故意拖拉 IV 英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩 一、修辞色彩/修辞方法 英语习语言简意赅，表达方式简洁洗炼，语言生动活泼，具有浓厚的修辞色彩。不少习语利用各种修辞手段。 如：a. 对比手段 hit or miss make neither head or tail of sth. make or mar, sink or swim, rain or shine b. 词语的重复 neck and neck, out and out / through and through round and round c. 意义相近的词语起强调作用 by leaps and bounds, pick and choose, with might and main, chop and change, d. 利用押头韵的手段构成习语 neck or nothing, hum and haw, rough and ready, as blind as a bat as large as life 二、语体色彩 一般来说，大部分英语习语属于口语语体。但由于习语含义深刻并富于形象性，所以会经常出现在其他语体中。 一、属于语言的共核部分的习语 如：We don’t usually admit anyone under the age of twenty-one to our meetings, but I think we might stretch a point in your case. 二、带有口语色彩的习语 如：He likes to let on that he is an expert in electronics. Don’t take what he says too much to heart, he’s just letting off steam. If you’ve got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and have it out with him. 三、带有俚语色彩的习语 如：As soon as they realized that there was likely to be trouble, his companions deserted him and left him to carry the can. (fair weather friend) They used to chew the rag after dinner. 同一个习语在不同语境中有不同意义和语体色彩。 如：John kept at the job until he cleaned it up. The company