作物化感品种对农田杂草的调控.pdfVIP

植物保护学报Journal of Plant Protection ，2018 ，45 （5）：961-970 DOI ：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2018.2018926 作物化感品种对农田杂草的调控 孔垂华* （中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193） 摘要：农田施用大量除草剂不仅引起环境和生态问题，而且导致除草剂抗性杂草不断发生。因此， 需要建立生态安全的杂草管理策略以改变杂草控制对除草剂依赖的现状。利用作物化感品种调控 农田杂草是极具开发潜力的杂草控制策略，这些作物化感品种自身能够产生和释放化感物质调控 杂草，从而减少对人工除草剂的依赖。鉴于此，近10余年来，以作物化感品种为中心的农田杂草控 制策略一直得到广泛的关注和研发。本文综述了作物化感品种调控农田杂草和相应抑草机制的最 新进展，尤其是可商业化种植的作物化感新品种选育及其在除草剂减量控制杂草的实践。在此基 础上，阐释了作物化感品种间亲属合作行为以及基于化感物质的新型除草剂研发对解决农田杂草 难题的机遇和挑战。 关键词：植物化感作用；化感物质；除草剂抗性杂草；品种改良；亲属识别 Allelopathic crop cultivars for weed management in cropping systems Kong Chuihua* （College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China） Abstract: The heavy use of herbicides for weed control is of great concern in environment and ecologi- cal problems. In particular, the over-reliance on herbicides can lead to the evolution of herbicide-resis- tant for weeds. In this regard, there is a requirement to find a non-herbicidal alternative that permits eco- logical weed management in cropping system. A promising weed control option is the potential for ex- ploiting the weed-suppressing ability of crop cultivars themselves. In fact, a few crop cultivars are very effective against weeds in fields and resulting in a natural interference of crop plants with weeds. These allelopathic crop cultivars can produce and release their own ‘herbicides ’, i.e. allelochemicals to inter- fere with the growth and establishment of associated weeds while reducing the use of herbicides. There- fore, much effort has gone into exploiting allelopathic crop cultivars as an efficient component of eco- logical weed management in cropping system in the last decade. This review out