微量元素地球化学中国地质大学4微量元素在不同地质体中分布与分配.pptxVIP

微量地球化学Trace Element Geochemistry;4. 微量元素在各主要地质体中的分布 ;主要造岩矿物;橄榄石;Kd Database Search Results;橄榄石;;Kd Database Search Results;;;Rock Type;;单斜辉石;Kd Database Search Results;;;斜长石;问题1;问题2;问题3;主要岩石;Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB);Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB);MORB Chemistry;;;MORB Petrogenesis;Oceanic Island Basalts (OIB);;OIB Chemistry;;Types of OIB Magmas;Types of OIB Magmas;;OIBs: 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7035 to –0.710 and ?Nd = +5 to -5, ? primitive and/or enriched mantle source(s);;OIB Petrogenesis;;Continental Flood Basalts (CFB);Tectonic Setting of CFBs;CFB Chemistry;;CFB Chemistry;Distinctive ernirchments in Ba and Pb and depletions in HFSE (Nb, Ta) compared to OIB.;CFBs: 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7035 to 0.713 and ?Nd = +5 to -10, ? enriched mantle source(s);CFB Petrogenesis;Figure 15-14. Diagrammatic cross section illustrating possible models for the development of continental flood basalts. DM is the depleted mantle (MORB source reservoir), and the area below 660 km depth is the less depleted, or enriched OIB source reservoir. Winter (20010 An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.;Mantle Sources and Structure;;Ocean-ocean ? Island Arc (IA) Ocean-continent ? Continental Arc or Active Continental Margin (ACM) ;Structure of an Island Arc;The Subduction Factory;;Subduction Products;Major Elements and Magma Series;地球化学储库;大陆总地壳 (BCC);;Comparison of continental crust and various basalts(Hoffmann, 1994);Continental crust ;The Subduction Factory;;地壳中元素的分布极不均一。除了不同元素的丰度显著变化外，元素分布在空间和时间上也都是不均一的； 少数元素在数量上起决定作用，大部分元素居从属地位。前九种元素(O、Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Na、K、Mg、Ti)占 98.13%，而前五种元素占了 82.58%。 地壳中元素丰度不是固定不变的，它是不断变化的开放体系； 地球表层H、He等气体元素逐渐脱离地球重力场；每天降落到地球表层的地外物质102~105吨；地壳与地幔的物质交换；放射性元素衰变；人为活动的干扰。 大陆地壳含有总硅酸岩地球中的大部分不相容元素 (33-35% of Rb, Ba, K, Pb, Th and U)；相对亏损Nb、富集Pb； 地壳、总地球和太阳系元素丰度的排序不同： 太阳系：HHeONeNCSiMgFeS 地球： FeOMgSiNiSCaAlCoNa 地壳： OSiAlFeCaNaKMgTiH;;1. 空间上分布的不均一性;2. 时间上地壳元素分布的不均一性（1/2）;2. 地幔/mantle;Methods of studies;Xenoliths;地幔具有什么样的化学成分？;;Non-Rock Names;Just 6 elements, oxyge