木材的天然耐久性.pptVIP

* * The natural durability of wood, as interpreted in this text, signifies its ability to resist the attacks of foreign organisms, i.e., fungi, insects, and marine borers. Although no wood is entirely immune to the attack of such organisms, a number possess superior resistance. Chapter 13 Natural durability of wood 木材的天然耐久性 Durability of sapwood and heartwood Variations in durability within and between trees Effect of density and rate of growth on durability Silvicultural and genetic effects on durability Effect of climate on durability Effect of season of cutting on durability Relative durability of wood from living and from dead trees Effect of various treatments on durability Topical highlight I. Durability of sapwood and heartwood Generally, the durability of heartwood is much higher than that of sapwood of the same species. The greater durability of heartwood, in comparison with sapwood of the same species, is attributable largely to the presence in the former of a wide variety of toxic extraneous materials, such as essential oils, tannins, and phenolic substances. The sapwood of all wood species, even those in which the heartwood is highly durable, is susceptible to deterioration by biological agents, because it lacks extractives in sufficient quantity or toxicity to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. In fact, the presence of reserve foods in the parenchyma cells of sapwood may increase its susceptibility to decay and particularly to bacteria and fungal staining. II. Variations in durability within and between trees 1. Variations in durability of heartwood within trees The decay resistance of heartwood generally tends to be at a maximum in the outer heartwood and decreases inward to the pith. This pattern is particularly marked in the butt log of old tree in naturally durable softwoods and in hardwoods of both temperate and tropical regions with heartwood that is resistant to det