不同施肥和耕作制度下土壤微生物多样性研究进展.docVIP

收稿日期:2009-08-03　　　接受日期:2009-11-11 基金项目:国家科技支撑项目“果树蔬菜高效施肥技术模式研究” (2008BADA4B05资助作者简介:樊晓刚(1982— ,男,河南许昌人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤微生物肥力方面的研究。E 2mail :fa.xi.111@1631com 3通讯作者T el :010-********,E 2mail :kjin @caas.net.cn 不同施肥和耕作制度下土壤微生物多样性研究进展 樊晓刚,金轲3,李兆君,荣向农 (中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所?农业部作物营养与养分循环重点实验室,北京100081 摘要:本文主要介绍了运用Biolog G N 、磷脂脂肪酸(P LFA 、核酸分析法进行土壤微生物群落分析的优缺点,综述了施肥、耕作两种农业措施对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究进展。指出不同施肥处理对微生物影响效果不同,合理施用有机肥有利于维持土壤微生物的多样性及活性;由于受其他环境因素(如土壤类型、农作制度、残茬量等的影响,不同耕作措施对土壤微生物多样性影响有差异,但是大多试验结果显示免耕、少耕能增加微生物多样性和生物量,保持系统的稳定性。文章还指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向做了展望。关键词:土壤;微生物多样性;施肥;耕作 中图分类号:S15413　　　文献标识码:A 　　　文章编号:1008-505X (201003-0744-08 Soil microbial diversity under different fertilization and tillage practices :A revie w FAN X iao 2gang ,J I N K e 3,LI Zhao 2jun ,RONG X iang 2nong (Institute o f Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning ,Chinese Academy o f Agricultural Sciences/K ey Laboratory o f Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling ,Ministry o f Agriculture ,Beijing 100081,China Abstract :In this paper ,three main methods for studying s oil microbial diversity [biolog analysis ,phospholipid fatty acid analysis (P LFA and nucleic acid 2based analysis]are briefly introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are eval 2uated.Fertilization 2ass ociated alteration in s oil properties w ould have long 2lasting effects on s oil microbial community and the effects w ould depend on fertilization rates and fertilizer types.The response of s oil microbial diversity and overall bio 2logical activities to tillage can be variable and will depend on other factors such as the cropping and abundance of residues.Under m ost experiment conditions ,conservation tillage practices (i.e.no till with mulch can potential in 2crease s oil microbial diversity and biomass com pared to conventional tillage.Based on recent related research ,perspec 2tives for studying microbial diversity in s oils are als o presented.K ey w ords :s oil ;microbial diversity ;fertilization ;tillage 　　土壤微生物是土壤有机质和养分转化、循环的动力,在土