智能化轴承故障诊断仪的工程设计与研制.pdf

摘 要 滚动轴承是机器中的易损部件，许多旋转机械的故障都与滚动轴承的状态有 关，据统计，在使用滚动轴承的旋转机械中，大约有30％的机械故障由轴承而引 起的。因此，进行滚动轴承故障诊断技术研究具有十分重要的意义。 由于滚动轴承本身在工作时必然伴随旋转而产生振动，其运行状态的好坏直 接反映在振动信号中,而且振动信号测试简单、直观，因此通过测量、分析轴承的 振动信号判断其运行状况十分流行，也导致了共振解调法这一诊断方式的产生。 在本课题的研究中，首先介绍了滚动轴承故障诊断的理论与方法，然后以共 振解调原理为基础，设计了模拟硬件电路，包括传感器介绍及选择、滤波电路、 整流电路、检波电路及峰值均值电路等；其次，为使用PC机分析处理振动信号， 使用带有片上 USB 控制器和 A/D 转换器的混合信号微处理器 C8051F340，设计了 一种可通过USB接口和VB6.0程序实现与PC机联机的9通道数据采集电路，可以 将模拟硬件电路产生的模拟信号传送至上位机；再次，编写了上位机应用软件， 该软件具有实时监测、频谱分析、数字滤波、频谱细化以及频谱平均等功能。 最后，将本系统应用于滚动轴承振动测试实验。在对大量实验数据进行分析 的基础上，验证了本故障诊断系统的正确性和实用性。 关键词：轴承故障诊断；共振解调；频谱分析 Abstract The Rolling bearings are the vulnerable to damage component in machinery. Many faults of rotating mechanism are related to roller bearings. According to statistics, about 30 % faults are caused by the damaged bearings. Thus, for rolling bearing fault diagnosis technology research is of great significance. As the rolling bearing is at work along with the inevitable rotation and vibration generated, and its operation will have a direct reflection of the vibration signals. In addition, to test the vibration signals is simple and intuitive, so by measuring, and analysis of bearing vibration signals to judge its performance is very popular,and this leads the birth of resonance demodulation diagnosis. During the study of this subject, first introduced the rolling bearing fault diagnosis theory and methods, then based on the principle of resonance demodulation, an analog hardware circuitry has been designd,including the introduction and chiocement of sensors,the design of filter circult,rectifier