血源性病原体职业的暴露和预防.pptVIP

* * With hepatitis B virus, as little as 10 to the minus 8 ml of hepatitis B-infected blood can transmit hepatitis B to a susceptible host. The risk is high and yet some people working in this area have never had the hepatitis B vaccine which has been available since 1982. Even in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that the number of chronically hepatitis B-positive people is one to one and a quarter million, with an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 new cases annually. Each year, approximately 10,000 healthcare providers acquire hepatitis. Of these, between 150 and 250 die of complications from this disease. And now we need to be concerned about hepatitis C virus as well. * * To protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing when splashes or spills of blood and body fluids are likely, you need to use personal protective equipment. Again, this recommendation should be followed with every patient you take care of. Use gloves when you are going to touch anything wet or moist; Use a mask, goggles, or face shield when you anticipate splashing (such as when you are washing instruments, starting an IV or during a delivery); Use a gown or apron to protect your clothing, and therefore the skin underneath, whenever you are going to be in contact with large amounts of blood or body fluid; and Wear closed shoes. Everything you need to make personal protective equipment can be purchased or made from materials that are locally available. For example, the face shield in this picture can be made with an elastic band, a piece of foam and a piece of clear plastic. Plastic can be purchased in a bookstore, or a processed x-ray film can be used. * To protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing when splashes or spills of blood and body fluids are likely, you need to use personal protective equipment. Again, this recommendation should be followed with every patient you take care of. Use gloves when you are going to touch anything wet or mois