工程力学第四版电子.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第七章 剪 切shearing and bearing 7－1 剪切与挤压的概念 Concepts of shearing and bearing 7—2 剪切和挤压的实用强度计算 The strength calculation of shearing and bearing 7—3 剪应变 剪切胡克定律 Shear strain shear Hook’ law 本章将应用静力学知识计算剪力，讨论联接件的剪切、挤压强度 设计问题。介绍剪切胡克定律和剪应力双生定律的内容。 本章目标 In this chapter we will review some of the important principles of static and show how they are used to determine the shearing force in a body. We will discuss the strength design of connector subjected to shear and bear; we will introduce Hook’s Law for shear and the pairing principle of shear stresses. Chapter Objectives 一、连接件的受力特点和变形特点：the external forces and deformation of simple connections 1、连接件 simple connections 在构件连接处起连接作用的部件，称为连接件。例如：螺栓、铆钉、键等。连接件虽小，起着传递载荷的作用。 特点：可拆卸。 P P 螺栓screw The parts at the place connection are connections. For example , Screws, keys and clinches. the connections are subjected to frces and the size are small. Properties :the screw may Disassemble. P P 铆钉 特点：不可拆卸。 Properties :the keys may disassemble. 无间隙 m 轴 shaft 键clinches 齿轮gears 特点：传递扭矩。 Properties :they transfer torque. 受力特点 n n （合力） （合力） P P 以铆钉为例：for example 构件受两组大小相等、方向相反、作用线相互很近（差一个几何平面）的平行力系作用。 构件沿两组平行力系的交界面发生相对错动。 External forces: Two parallel forces that have the same magnitude, have opposite directions and are separated by little perpendicular distance. 变形特点 Shearing deformation: Two sections subjected shear load creates movement n n （合力） （合力） P P ③剪切面：shearing plane 构件将发生相互的错动面，如n– n 。the sections create movement comparatively: ④剪切面上的内力： 内力 — 剪力Q ，其作用线与剪切面平行。 P n n Q 剪切面 The internal force in shearing area— shearing force Q ,the acting line is parallel to shear plane. 连接处破坏三种形式 three failure forms at location of connections ①剪切破坏 shear failure ②挤压破坏bearing failure ③拉伸破坏 axial tension and compression failure n n （合力） （合力） P P P n n Q 剪切面 二、剪切的实用计算  actually calculate of shearing strength 实用计算假设：假设剪应力在整个剪切面上均匀分布，等于剪切面上的平均应力。