英语近义词名词辨析.docVIP

§1．4 名词辨义 1．近义名词 （1）custom，habit，tradition 误：Social habits vary greatly from countuy to country． 正：Social customs custom意为“风俗、习惯”，一般指社会而言，有时也指个人。cus－toms指“关税”，the customs指“海关”。 a．It is the custom with/of certain foreigners to do so． b．How long will it take us to pass the customs． habit意为“习惯”，仅指个人而言：be in the/a habit of（有…的习惯），break sb．/oneself of the habit of（使某人去掉…的习惯），fall/getinto the/a habit of（沾染…的习惯），get out of a habit（戒除某种习惯），out of habit（出于习惯）；tradition指“传统”，多年以来形成的习俗：bytradition（根据传统或口传）。 c．Youll not be afraid of snakes if you understand their habits． d．We must keep up the fine tradition of plain living and hardwork． （2）dress，suit，costume，clothing，clothes，cloth 误：My brotner never wears ready－made dresses． 正：suits/clothes dress指“女装”，不过dress表示“a style or choice of clothing”（服装的型式或选择）时，也可用以指男性的服装；suit指“男装”，尤指“成套的衣服（如制服）”。 a．He doesnt care much about dress． b．His dress was somewhat conservative． c．My uncle bought a new suit a week ago． costume指“戏服”或“化装用的衣服”；clothing和clothes都可以指“衣服”，但注意clothing是不可数名词，clothes是可数复数名词，clothes前不加a，也不可加数字，但可以用few，a few，many等词修饰。cloth则指“布、衣料”，是不可数名词。 d．A coat is an article of clothing． e．Your clothes are a perfect fit． 男子穿大礼服是in full dress，晚礼服是evening dress。只可说anarticle/a piece of clothing（一件衣服），a suit of clothes（一套衣服），不可以说an article of clothes，a suit of clothing。 （3）skin，complexion，leather 误：Look at her rosy cheeks，she has a lovely skin． 正：complexion skin意为“皮、皮肤”，be in sb．s skin（处于某人的地位）；complex-ion意为“肤色、面色、气色”；leather表示“皮革”，不可指人或动物。 a．He wears his sweater next to the skin． b．I wouldnt be in your skin． c．She has a high complexion after two years exercise． d．This suit is made of leather． （4）scene，scenery 误：Taxis and buses were part of the street scenry． 正：scene scene是可数名词，指“风景、布景、场面、景象”，既可指动的场面，也可指不动的风景，a change of scene（改换环境），behind the scenes（在后台、在幕后），come on the scene（出现）；scenery是不可数名词，一般指“自然风景”。 a．The picture presents the bleak，bare，greyish scene of a Februarymorning． b．The seat of the puppet government was the scene of angry demon