英语语法包括两大部分.pptVIP

English Grammar Chapter One Introduction 英语语法包括两大部分： 一部分叫词法 Morphology 另一部分叫句法 Syntax 词(The Word)是语言中能表达一定意义又能自由运用的最小单位 词素(Morpheme)是语言中最小的语意单位，但不能独立使用 名词--the Noun / n. 动词--the Verb / v. 代词--the Pronoun / pron. 数词--the Numeral / num 形容词--the Adjective / adj. / a. 副词 the Adverb /adv. /ad. 冠词--the Article / art. 介词 the preposition / prep. 连词 the Conjunction / conj. ＊感叹词--the Interjection / interj. / int. Parts of Speech 实词—notional words 虚词—form words 小品词—the particle 限定词– the determiner Classification of phrases (1) 1 名词短语 Noun Phrase 2 代词短语 Pronoun Phrase 3 动词短语 Verb Phrase 4 形容词短语 Adjective Phrase Classification of phrases (2) 5 副词短语 Adverbial Phrase 6 介词短语 Prepositional Phrase 7 连词短语 Conjunctional Phrase Classification of phrases (3) 8 数词短语 Numeral Phrase 9 分词短语 Participial Phrase 10 动名词短语 Gerundial Phrase 11 不定式短语 Infinitive Phrase The Sentence 由词或短语构成的能够表达一个比较完整意思的语言单位，叫做句子(The Sentence)。 构成句子的词和短语，根据它们在句中的作用可分为若干句子成分。(Members of the Sentence / Sentence Elements)。 主语The Subject ／ S. 谓语The Predicate / V. 宾语The Object / O. 定语The Attribute / At. (Ad.) 状语The Adverbial / Modifier 补语The Complement / C. 表语The Predicative / P. Object of the verb Object of the preposition Double Object = Indirect Object + Direct Object Complex Object = Object +Object Complement ※ Object Complement Eg: make our country richer elect him our monitor let us go home ※ Subject Complement Eg: He was found dead in the morning. 词类与句子成分的关系 1 n. /pron. /num. → S. 2 v. → V. 3 n. /pron. /num. → O. 4 adj. /n. /v. → C. 词类与句子成分的关系 5 n. /pron. /adj. /adv. → P. 6 adj. /n. /pron. /num. /adv. → At. 7 adv. → Ad. ＊An orange is orange. ＊Spring is here and we are busy with spring ploughing. ＊There is a hot spring near the hill village. ＊All the plants have sprung up