发酵工程-生物技术时代中和.ppt

发酵工程 What are Microorganisms? Virus (病毒） Non-cell microbes Bacteria (细菌） Archaea (远古细菌） Algae (藻类） Fungi (真菌:酵母、霉菌） Protozoa (原生动物） Microorganisms are free-living cells What are Prokaryotes? Prokaryotes: Bacteria(细菌) Archaea(远古细菌) Actinomycetes(放线菌) Mycoplasma(支原体) Rickettsia(立克氏体) Chlamydia(衣原体) Cyanobacteria(篮细菌) What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? Algae Fungi Slime molds Protozoa Prokaryotic and eukatyptic cells Virus: Virus, Viroids and Prions Is Microbiology Useful? Yes! As a basic biological science, the most accessible research tools for probing the nature of life processes As an applied biological science, many large scale industrial processes are microbially based: BIOTECHNOLOGY Products from Microorganisms Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Many high-value-added peptide drugs are produced by genetically engineered micro-organisms: Blood proteins (Erythropoietin, Factors VII, VIII, IX) Human hormones (Epidermal growth factor, Human growth hormone, Insulin, Nerve growth factor) Immune modulators (a-Interferon, b-Interferon) Vaccines (Hepatitis B, Measles, Rabies) Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 1. Small volume, large surface area 2. Fast absorption and conversion 3. Rapid duplication and growth 4. Strong adaptability 5. Widespread distribution and diversified species Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 2. Fast absorption and conversion For example: 5 g/l of bacteria (cell dry weight) Azotobacter vinelandii UWD can consumed 10 g/l of glucose to double its weight to 10 g/l within less than 5 h. Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 3. Rapid duplication and growth An Echerische coli (大肠杆菌）cell can double itself within 15 minutes, it also means its weight increases one fold within 15 minutes. Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 4. Strong adaptability (Adapt to extrem environment, such as high salt concentration, high temperature, a