昆明机场鼠类种群分布及季节消长.docVIP

???? 昆明机场鼠类种群分布及季节消长 ???? ???? 　　摘要　目的：了解机场鼠害情况，为制定有效灭鼠措施提供科学依据。方法：用夹夜法测定鼠密度。结果：共捕鼠305只，隶属2目3科5属6种，鼠密度为23.0％（ 305／1 328），褐家鼠为优势鼠种。食品厂和供应科鼠密度较高，分别为30.4％和30.3％；全年鼠密度有2个高峰期，分别是6～8月和2～4月。鼠种构成：褐家鼠占58.0％（177/305），黄胸鼠占17.8％（54/305）,小家鼠占2.6%(8/305),大绒鼠占1.3%(4/305),齐氏姬鼠占11.5%(35/305),臭占8.9%(27/305)。以家栖鼠类为主，占78.4%(239/305);野栖鼠类占21.6%(66/305)。结论：昆明机场鼠害严重，必须采取有效措施，把鼠密度控制在不足为害的水平。　　关键词　鼠密度　　种群分布　　季节消长　　昆明机场 Investigation on Rats Distribution and Regular growth andDecline at Kunming Airport Zhou Xiaomei　Li Fuhua　Tao Hong　et al Health and Anti-Epidemic Station of Yunnan Province Kunming 650022 　　Abstract　In order to know rat distribution and regular growth and decline ,to provide scientific basis for rat control, an investigation of rats was carrid out at Kunming airport during April of 1997 to March of 1998.Rats were caught with cages and clips and rat density was measured by the method which rat cages and clips were put in the early evening and fetched in the next morning once a month. A total of 305 rats were caught, and subordinate to 2 orders 3 families 5 genera 6 species. Rat density was 23.0%(305/1 328),Rattus norvegicus is a species of superior rat at Kunming airport. There are two peak periods of rat density in the year ,June to August and February to April, respectively.The species and their composition ratio are listed below:Rattus norvegicus 58.0%(177/305),R. flavipectus 17.8%(54/305),Mus musculus 2.6%(8/305),Eothenomys miletus 1.3%(4/305),Apodemus cheverieri 11.5%(35/305) and Suncus murinus 8.9%(27/305). Domestic rats were of main kinds,78.4%(239/305),wild rats 21.6%(66/305). The result showed that rat infestation was very serious at Kunming airport.It is very necessary to take effective measures and scientific methods to exterminate rats to reduce rat density.　　Key words　Rats density　　Distribution　　Growth and decline　　Kunming airport 　　昆明机场是我国最早对外开放的国际航空港之一，也是西南主要进出境航空口岸。为了解机场鼠害情况，研究防制对策，于1997年4月至1998年3月进行了鼠密度监测。 1　自然概况 　　昆明机场位于昆明市东南方的官渡区，距市中心7km，与城区相接，占地300ha，