动词的时态与语态何冠豪.pptVIP

动词的时态与语态 一、时态 1、一般、进行、完成的含义 一般指某动作既不正在进行又不确定完成与 否的一种广泛意义上的方式。 进行指一种持续性的、未完成的动作；动词 的进行时还伴有其它一些意义，如：有限度的延 续、感情色彩、同时性、描述的生动性、强调性 等。 完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前，但动作发生的时间总是未经明确指出的。例： The teacher writes his own notes. (现在习惯性动作) The teacher is writing his own notes. (暂时的还在进行的动作) The teacher has already written his own notes. (现在已完成的动作) Xiao Wang comes late often. (现在经常性的动作) Xiao Wang is always coming late. (带有不满的色彩) I read a book yesterday evening. (在过去时间的动) I was reading a book yesterday evening. (过去时间未完成的持续动作) I have read the book. (现在已经读完那本书了) She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑别人的毛病。 He is constantly leaving things about. 他总是丢三拉四。 I am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能来和我们一起吃晚饭。(比说 I hope …… 语气更委婉) She has been saying that twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍。 二、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 1. 一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间 是可以具体确定的，与其它时间没有牵连。 它所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没 联系。 现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体 指出的现在以前的过去某个个某段时间；它 所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事 情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。 2. 一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days(months, weeks) ago, at that time等；现在完成时常用的状语副词有already, just, yet, never, before等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有today, now, lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years, since then, up to now等。 3. 比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同： He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. 这是过去的一件事。 He had served in the army for 2 years before 1954. He has served in the army for 5 years. He wrote many plays when he was at college. 他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去做的事。） He has written many plays. 他写过许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家.） I saw Hero last year. I have seen Hero before. 三、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 *一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的; 过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。 *过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示，如 by that time, by the end of ……, before 2000, by the time + 句子等。 We noticed him entering the headmaster’s office. The little boy had been made to learn 200 words by the time he was five. They had finished the revision in grammar by the end of last month. 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别 现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句