英文小说从要素分析.docVIP

Elements of Fiction - A Brief Introduction A. Primary Elements: Plot, Character, Theme, Points of View, Symbol, Setting B. Secondary Elements: Imagery, Irony, Style Tone, Exposition 1. Plot - the sequence of events or incidents of which the story is composed/the arrangement of events that make up a story/the complete pattern or design of the work. A. Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires or wills. Person against person. Person against environment - external force, physical nature, society, or fate. Person against herself/himself - conflict with some element in her/his own nature; maybe physical, mental, emotional, or moral. Person against God-Greek mythology. B. Artistic Unity - essential to a good plot; nothing irrelevant that does not contribute to the total meaning; nothing that is there only for its own sake or its own excitement. C. Plot Manipulation and Fabulation - a good plot should not have any unjustified or unexpected turns or twists, no false leads, and no deliberate and misleading information; fabulation is the introduction of the fabulous or unrealistic or gothic elements in an otherwise realistic setting. D. Story Ending: In a Happy Ending the stereotypical expectation is that the protagonist must solve all the problems, defeat the villain, win the girl, and live happily everafter. Unfortunately, many real life situations have unhappy endings; for the writers of serious fiction, the unhappy endings are more likely to raise significant issues concerning life and living. E. Types of Plot: a. Tragedy(noble) b. Comedy(less great/noble) c. Romance(less great/noble) d. Satire (used to teach lesson or present a point of view F. Use of Plot: a. The structure of its actions b. Order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd… c. To create(The author uses actions as a painter uses paints to create) d. To achieve particular words to create certain effect 2. Character A. Direct Presentation - author tells us straight out, by expos