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present perfect tense
一．构成： have / has + 动词的过去分词（ done）
被动结构： have / has been + 动词的过去分词（ done）
二．现在完成时的基本用法：
表示过去发生的事或刚结束的动作对现在仍有影响或造成的结果。
He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy. (Justin在过去失踪，但是 Kelly 至今仍为他的失踪感到不高兴。 )
The police have just finished searching the area.
表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在（句中用延续性动词） 。
He has lived here since 1995.自从 1995 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.（从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见过 Justin）
表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的行为，也可以表示一种经历。
Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.
三．常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
1．already (多用于肯定 )，yet（多用于否定、 疑问），never, ever，before, several times, recently, lately,
just(而 just now 用一般过去时 )等
2．so far, up to now, how long, for+时间段，since+时间点 /时间段加 ago/从句 (从句用一般过去时 ), in the past/ last +时间段，by now, by this time, these days, all these years,。请看如下高考题中完成时态与
标志词之间的对应关系：
You don ’ t need to describe her,haveI met her several times.
-Who is Jerry Copper?
-Haven’tyou met him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
3. -How are you today?
- Oh, I haven’ t feltas ill as I do now for a very long time.
4. I wonder why Jenny hasn’ t writtento us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
5. With the rapid growth of population, the city has spread in all directions in the past five years.[来
:Z+xx+k.Com]
6. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science has shownthat people who don ’ t sleep well soon ge ill.
The country life he was used to has changed since 1992.
We haven ’ t seen sincehim he left Nanjing.
My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far.
I ’ ve met the old man somewhbefore.
注意：
1．一些非延续性动词，如， arrive, teach, join, lose, fall, come, go, leave, buy等，其现在完成时形式不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：
他三年前买了一辆车。 He has bought a car for three years. （误）
他两年前参了军。
He has had a car for three years. （正）
He has bought a car. （正）
He bought a car three years ago. （正）
He has joined the army for two years. （误）
He has been in the army for two years（.正）
He has joined the a
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