四级英语写作(超级全面讲解).pptVIP

下面列举四种形式的垂悬修饰语及两种修改的办法： 1．分词短语 误：Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach. 正：Looking out of the window, we found the grassland stretched as far as the eyes could reach. 正：If you look out of the window, you will find the grassland stretches as far as the eyes can reach. 2．介词+动名词短语 误：On entering the room, refreshments were being served. 正：On entering the room, I found that refreshments were being served. 正：When I entered the room, refreshments were being served. 3．不定式短语 误：To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly. 正：To play tennis well, one must hold the racket properly. 正：If one wishes to play tennis well, he must hold the racket properly. 4．省略性子句 误：When only five years old, my father took me to a circus. 正：When only five years old, I was taken to a circus by my father. 正：When I was only five years old, my father took me to a circus. 第三 平行结构（Parallelism） 在一个句子中，有几个表达相近或相对意义的并列成分时，应该使用词性一致的排比结构，这就是写作中的平行结构原则。这种结构能使句子显得严谨，层次分明，增强感染力。常见的平行结构有以下几种情况： 1．两个或两个以上的并列单词、短语、或句子用and连接，在句中作同一成分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等皆可。如： 1）误：Knowing how to study and learn to budget time is important for university students. 用and连接的两个并列 主语分别为动名词和不定式短语，词性不一致，不是平行结构。 正：Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time is important for university students. 用and连接的两个并列主语词性一致，都为动名词短语，符合平行结构要求。 2．用于连接并列成分的连接词除and 外，常见的还有either...or..., neither...nor..., both...and..., not only...but also...等复合连词，但必须注意其连接部分的词性成分必须相一致。 1）误：I hope either to spend my vacation in Beijing or Xian. 连接成分不一致，前者为不定式短语，后者为名词。 正：I hope to spend my vacation either in Beijing or in Xian. 连接成分相一致，都为介词短语，用作状语。 或：I hope to spend my vacation in either Beijing or Xian. 连接成分相一致，都为名词，用作名词in的宾语。 3.表示相同意义或比较意义的两个同等成分，其词性也应该相一致。 1）误：Jogging is a more vigorous exercise than to play golf. 正：Jogging is a more vigorous exercise than playing golf. Jogging 与playing相一致，都为动名词，作主语。 知识回顾Knowledge Review Limiting the Use of Disposal Bags (2008.