土木工程专业英语unit 3（3）.ppt

Unit 3(3) Pile Foundations 桩基础 Pile foundations are the part of a structure used to carry and transfer the load of the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground surface. 桩基础是结构的一部分，用来承受上部结构的荷载并将其传递到地表以下一定深度的地基上。 The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. 桩基础是由桩承台和桩组成的。 Its classfications(桩基础类型) 按承台与地面相对位置的高低 承台:将几个桩结合起来传递荷载 软土层 1.高承台桩基础 承台底面位于地面以上,桥桩,码头,栈桥 低承台桩 承台底面位于地面以下, 承台本身承担部分荷载 The main types of materials used for piles are wood, steel and concrete. Piles made from (有....制成的)these materials are driven, drilled or jacked into the ground and connected to(与...相连接) piles caps. Depending upon type of soil, pile material and load transmitting characteristic piles are classified accordingly. according to in accordance with in line with in hte light of in terms of Its advantages(优点) high bearing capacity good stability low settlement good seismic performance low construction cost wide application As with (just as/the same as)other types of foundations, the purpose of a pile of foundations is to transmit a foundation load to a solid ground and to resist vertical, lateral(horizontal/transverse) and uplift load. 同其他种类的基础一样，桩基础的作用是将基础荷载传递到坚硬的土层上，并且能够抵抗竖向、横向及上拔荷载。 A structure can be founded on piles if the soil immediately beneath its base does not have adequate bearing capacity. 如果基础下的土层没有足够的承载能力，结构下部就要设置桩基础。 If the results of site investigation show that the shallow soil is unstable and weak or if the magnitude of the estimated settlement is not acceptable a pile foundation may become considered. 如果地勘结果显示浅土层不稳定，或者预计下沉量较大，这时就要考虑使用桩基础 Further, a cost estimate may indicate that a pile foundation may be cheaper than any other compared ground improvement costs. 成本预算也显示桩基础可能比其他任何地基处理的成本都要低。 In the cases of heavy constructions, it is likely that the bearing capacity of the shallow soil will not be satisfactory, and the construction should be built on pile foundatio