大学国际商务复习资料.docxVIP

名词解释 1.command?economy：In?a?pure?command?economy,the?government?plans?the?goods and?services?that?a?country?produces,the?quantity?in?which?they?are?produced,and?the prices?at?which?they?are?sold. 2.Mixed?economy:In?a?mixed?economy,certain?sectors?of?the?economy?are?left?to private?ownership?and?free?market?mechanisms?while?other?sectors?have?significant state?ownership?and?government?planning. 3.Culture:a?system?of?values?and?norms?that?are?shared?among?a?group?of?people?and that?when?taken?together?constitute?a?design?for?living. 4.Values:abstract?ideas?about?what?a?group?believes?to?be?good,right,and?desirable.Put differently,values?are?shared?assumptions?about?how?things?ought?to?be. 5.Norms:the?social?rules?and?guidelines?that?prescribe?appropriate?behavior?in particular?situations. 6.Mores:mores?are?norms?that?are?seen?as?central?to?the?functioning?of?a?society?and?to its?social?life. 7.Organization?culture:refers?to?the?values?and?norms?that?employees?of?an organization?share. 8.Culture?relativism:which?is?the?belief?that?ethics?are?nothing?more?than?the?reflection of?a?culture---all?ethics?are?culturally?determined---and?that?accordingly,a?firm?should adopt?the?ethics?of?the?culture?in?which?it?is?operating. 9.Core?compete:refers?to?skills?within?the?firm?that?competitors?cannot?easily?match?or imitate. 10.Learning?effects:refer?to?cost?savings?that?come?from?learning?by?doing. 11.Turnkey?project:the?contractor?agrees?to?handle?every?detail?of?the?project?for?a foreign?client,including?the?training?of?operating?personnel. 12.Licensing?agreement:is?an?arrangement?whereby?a?licensor?grants?the?rights?to intangible?property?to?another?entity(the?licensee)for?a?specified?period,and?in return,the?licensor?receives?a?royalty?fee?from?the?licensee. 13.Greenfield?ventures:a?firm?can?establish?a?wholly?owned?subsidiary?in?a?country?by building?a?subsidiary?from?the?ground?up 判断 1.Globalization?has?several?facets,including?the?globalization?of?markets?and?the globaliza