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Power Electronics * Outline 5.1 Basic DC to DC converters 5.2 Composite DC/DC converters and connection of multiple DC/DC converters 5.3 Isolated DC to DC converters (Indirect DC to DC converters ) 5.1 Basic DC to DC converters 5.1.1 Buck converter (Step-down converter) 5.1.2 Boost converter (Step-up converter) 5.1.3 Buck-Boost converter (Step-down/step- up converter) and Cuk converter 5.1.4 Sepic converter and Zeta converter 5.1 Basic DC to DC converters Introduction—Buck converter SPDT switch changes dc component Switch output voltage waveform Duty cycle D: 0 ￡ D ￡ 1 complement D’: D’ = 1 - D Dc component of switch output voltage Fourier analysis: Dc component = average value Insertion of low-pass filter to remove switching harmonics and pass only dc component Basic operation principle of buck converter Buck converter with ideal switch Realization using power MOSFET and diode Thought process in analyzing basic DC/DC converters Basic operation principle (qualitative analysis) How does current flow during different switching states How is energy transferred during different switching states Verification of small ripple approximation Derivation of inductor voltage waveform during different switching states Quantitative analysis according to inductor volt-second balance or capacitor charge balance Actual output voltage waveform of buck converter Buck converter containing practical low-pass filter Actual output voltage waveform v(t) = V + vripple(t) The small ripple approximation v(t) = V + vripple(t) In a well-designed converter, the output voltage ripple is small. Hence, the waveforms can be easily determined by ignoring the ripple: Buck converter analysis: inductor current waveform Inductor voltage and current subinterval 1: switch in position 1 Inductor voltage and current subinterval 2: switch in position 2 Inductor voltage and current waveforms Determination of inductor current ripple magnitude Inductor current
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