中国文化概况哲学和宗教 英文版.ppt

* The Development of Chinese Philosophy Orthodox Philosophy During the Han Dynasty ( 两汉经学) “banning all schools of thought except Confucianism ( 罢 黜百家，独尊儒术)” Confucianism served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule. Orthodox philosophy advocates that Heaven affects human affairs and human behaviour finds responses in Heaven (天人感应). the power of the emperors are authorized by Heaven (君权神授). at odds with Confucianism which holds that man is an integral part of nature (天人合一) * The Development of Chinese Philosophy reached its apex ( 顶点) during the Sui and Tang dynasties mainly discusses the relationship between the subjective and the objective attempts to gain insight into the universe and human life Buddhist Philosophy During the Sui and Tang Dynasties ( 隋唐佛学) * Neo-Confucianism During the Song and Ming Dynasties ( 宋明理学) The Development of Chinese Philosophy A new Confucianism developed by incorporating Taoism and Buddhism mainly discusses the relationship between human beings, between man and nature, and between man and society, as well as the nature of human beings two main schools: the School of Principle (理学) the School of Mind (心学) * Chinese Philosophy The Development of Chinese Philosophy The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality * The Development of Chinese Philosophy Application Philosophy During the Ming and Qing Dynasties ( 明清实学) focused on “self-examination” stuck to the application of philosophy on the state affairs searches for the answers to specific issues instead of abstract study encourages creative ideas * The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy Stress on spiritual existence Stress on practice Stress on morality Stress on harmony Stress on intuition * Stress on spiritual existence The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosop