基因启动子新.pptxVIP

基因启动子 gene promoters;New words;主要介绍内容：;启动子;一、启动子的发现过程;;二、启动子元件; ; 2.上游启动子元件(upstream promoter element):包括通常位于－70bp附近的CAAT盒和GC盒、以及距转录起始点更远的上游元件。这些元件与相应的蛋白因子结合能提高或改变转录效率。不同基因具有不同的上游启动子元件，其位置也不相同，这使得不同的基因表达分别有不同的时间与空间表达调控。这些上游启动子元件中，最普遍的是增强子元件。;3.增强子（enhancer）　 是一种能够提高同一条DNA链上基因转录效率的顺式调控元件。最早是在SV40病毒中发现的长约200bp的一段DNA，可使旁侧的基因转录提高100倍，其后在多种真核生物和原核生物中都发现了增强子。增强子通常长100－200bp，也和启动子一样由若干组件构成，基本核心组件常为8－12bp，可以单拷贝或多拷贝串连形式存在。;病毒来源的35S启动子的结构; 11281 tttcccgcct tcagtttagc ttcatggagt caaagattca aatagaggac ctaacagaac 11341 tcgccgtaaa gactggcgaa cagttcatac agagtctctt acgactcaat gacaagaaga 11401 aaatcttcgt caacatggtg gagcacgaca cacttgtcta ctccaaaaat atcaaagata 11461 cagtctcaga agaccaaagg gcaattgaga cttttcaaca aagggtaata tccggaaacc 11521 tcctcggatt ccattgccca gctatctgtc actttattgt gaagatagtg gaaaaggaag 11581 gtggctccta caaatgccat cattgcgata aaggaaaggc catcgttgaa gatgcctctg 11641 ccgacagtgg tcccaaagat ggacccccac ccacgaggag catcgtggaa aaagaagacg 11701 ttccaaccac gtcttcaaag caagtggatt gatgtgatat ctccactgac gtaagggatg 11761 acgcacaatc ccactatcct tcgcaagacc cttcctctat ataaggaagt tcatttcatt 11821 tggagagaac acgggggact cttgac;三、启动子的类型：; ;.植物来源的组成型启动子;拟南芥ACTIN2基因启动子分析;原核生物组成型启动子之二： 农杆菌胭脂碱合成酶基因启动子 Nos promoter;2.诱导型启动子（Inducible Promoters）;2. 外源诱导启动子;;乙醇诱导系统:The alc system is extremely sensitive to ethanol and is induced rapidly and in a dose-dependent manner. The target gene is induced by soil root drenching (0.5% v/v ethanol), hydroponics (0.1% v/v ethanol), and foliar spraying of mature plants (5% v/v ethanol). It has low to no basal expression of the target gene, and it has the advantage of an inducer that is inexpensive and nontoxic at the effective concentrations. Induction of target gene expression was similar to that of genes driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, but was reversible. One drawback is that under anaerobic conditions, plants that are known to express alcohol dehydrogenase are likely to activate this system with the produ