材料科学与工程专业英语13-unit 19-20 nanostructured materials.pptVIP

材料科学与工程专业英语Special English for Materials Science and Engineering Part 4 nanostructured materials Unit19 Nanotechnology and nanostructured materials Unit 20 creation of nanostructured materials What is a Nanomaterial? ?“….materials structured on the sub-100 nanometer scale, which may be assembled and organised to yield nanodevices and nanosystems that possess new or improved properties.” ICSTI Statement on Nanotechnology Types of nanostructured materials Nanoparticles Special nanostructures Nano films nanocomposites Properties of nanomaterials Lithography:光刻 Etching：刻蚀 Semiconductor:半导体 Self-organization:自组装 Fabrication：构建 the changes of the chemical properties: increase of the surface to volume ratio The changes of the physical properties :size parameters smaller than some critical length with certain properties Electric /optical effects De Broglie wavelength:德布罗意波 Discrete energy level: 能级分裂 Different samples of CdSe nanocrystals in toluene solution Electric /optical effects Quantum dots：量子点 Quantum well:量子阱 Quantum wire:量子线 Magnetic effects Ferromagnietic materials:铁磁性材料 Thermal motion:热运动 Permanent magnetic:永磁性的 Paramagnet：顺磁体 Superparamagnetism： 超顺磁性 Giant magnetoresistive effect:巨磁阻效应 Mechanical effects Dislocation:位错 L Frank-Read mechanism Unit 20Creation of nanostructured materials Macroscpic world Micro-technology Submicro-technology objects Atomic world Structuring Top-down Objects Supra-molecular Structures Atoms, molecules Bottom-up Self-organization Schematic comparison of top-down and bottom-up approaches Top-down techniques Bulk materials Mechnaical attrition:机械研磨 Ball milling:球磨 Ion implantation:离子注入 Thin fims Micro/nano structuring Lithography 光刻蚀 Etching 刻蚀 top-down and bottom-up approaches top-down and bottom-up approaches Bottoom-up techniques Bulk materials Sol-gel 溶胶-凝胶 Precipitation 沉淀 Flame pyrolysis 火焰分解 Electrodeposition 电沉积 Cluster assembly/consolidation 簇组装/固化 Thin fims Self-assembly 自组装 Self-limitaion Self-al