简单句的五个基本句型.docVIP

简单句的五个基本句型 种类 句型 主语 S. 谓语部分 谓语动词V. 表语P. 宾语O. 宾语补足语OC. 第1种 S +V / S + Vi+ prep. + O We work.(不及物) 第2种 S+V+O He plays(及物) the piano. 第3种 S+V+P We are(系动词) students. 第4种 S+V+IO(间接宾语·人)+DO(直接宾语·物) She gave(及物) me a pen. 第5种 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh. 句子的成分 1. 主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 注意：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型。 2. 谓语—说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 3. 表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 *注意区别：My job is teaching.(teaching 为表语) 与 I am teaching now.(am teaching 为谓语) 4.? 宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。 5. 状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 6. 定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。被定语所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语通常是由名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、形容词性物主代词、数词、介词短语、不定式或从句等来充当。名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、形容词性物主代词或数词做定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词前；介词短语、不定式或从句做定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词后。如： the basketball team (名词basketball做定语，置于先行词team的前面) the green team (形容词green做定语，置于先行词team的前面) the team in green (介词短语in green做定语，置于先行词team的后面) the team who were dressed in green (从句who were dressed in green做定语，置于先行词team的后面) Practice makes perfect. 分析下列句子的成分。 He is the best runner in our school. What he did made his parents disappointed. He paid a visit to Australia last summer holiday. He visited Australia last summer holiday. Wow, the food that you cook is very delicious. I can’t have enough. The girl in red is my sister. He enjoys playing football. Can you send me an e-mail after you receive mine? He missed being punished by his father for his fighting with others. It took me five years to finish the story. Our parents devoted themselves to us. We can’t let them down. Our parents were devoted to us. …… After gruduating from college he went to China to study Chinese. The boy was last seen playing by the river. I didn’t sleep well last night with a lot of homwork to do. Missing a bus in London means waiting for another 30 minutes. A satisfied customer is a person who ha