疼痛的诊断和治疗英文.pptxVIP

Diagnosis and treatment of  Pain;;Introduction;Introduction;;Intruduction;Intruduction;The development of pain management;Advance in the field of pain;国际疼痛研究会和WHO提出：;The history of pain management;Definition of Pain;13;Basic aspect of Pain;Injury and pain;;The Model of Pain by Descartes;;22;classification;hyperalgesia——对伤害性刺激敏感性增强和反应阈值降低 allogesia——非痛刺激引起。 自发痛-损伤区域 Bad pain坏痛——elimination消除 ;Sensitization;classfication;pathogenic classfication;部位分类position classfication;疼痛的性质分类;Treatment of pain;Significance of pain treatment;疼痛治疗的原则;疼痛治疗可以在疼痛产生过程的各个环节进行 采用多模式的综合疗法 目前，大多数疼痛是可以得到治疗或控制的；而且新的技术不断发展;Pharmacotherapy for Pain;The first ladder analgesics:Nonopioid Analgesics;Nonopioid Analgesics;NSAIDs;COX Pathway and NSAIDs, COX-2;;Opioid Therapy in Pain Related to Medical Illness;Opioids-Routes of Administration;Opioids Side Effects;其他;Nerve block;What is a nerve block?Nerve block is a general term, but it basically means the injection of a local anesthetic or a neurolytic agent into or near a peripheral nerve, a sympathetic nerve plexus, or a local pain-sensitive trigger point.;什麽是神经阻滞(nerve block) 是指在末梢的脑脊髓神经节，脑脊髓神经，交感神经节等神经内或附近注入药物或用物理方法使针触到神经给予刺激，阻断神经传导功能。 ;疼痛临床是指以神经阻滞为主的麻醉学方法诊疗疼痛性疾病的一门学科。 既要找出病因，又要使患者达到治疗的目的。 ; 脑; cortex;神经阻滞奏效的机理： 阻断疼痛的传导通路 阻断疼痛的恶性循环 改善血行状态 抗炎症作用 ;神经阻滞疗法的位置 1 药物疗法 2手术疗法 3神经阻滞疗法：又称为第三疗法 神经阻滞疗法 药物疗法 手术疗法 ;;Quantization of pain intensity;疼痛测定和评估的意义;If you don’t measure it, you can’t improve it;Single dimension of pain assessment ;Multi-dimension tools ;Visual analogue scale(VAS);Numeric pain intensity scale;Verbal descriptive rating scale（VRS）;;Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale;McGill pain questionnaire;Objective pain assessment;行为测定法;;;Objective of life？;术后镇痛(post-operative analgesia);post-operative pain ;Acute pain;Acute pain（Post-Operation Pain）;术后镇痛的意义：;术后镇痛的原则;术后镇痛的方法;术后镇痛的治疗目的;传统的术后镇痛方法——