CCD技术及其应用.docxVIP

CCD 技术及其应用 姓名：  哈纳 学号：[1] [1] 摘  要 电荷耦合器件 CCD(Charge Coupled Devices)是 20 世纪 70 年代初发展起来的新型 半导体集成光电器件,它是美国贝尔电话实验室的 W.S.Byole 和 G.E.Smiht 于 1970 年 首先提出的。近 30 年来,依靠己经成熟的 MOS 集成电路工艺,CCD 器件及其应用技术得 以迅速发展。目前 CCD 应用技术已成为集光学、电子学、精密机械与计算机技术为一 体的综合性技术,在现代光子学、光电检测技术和现代测试技术领域中成果累累 。 CCD 器件按其感光单元的排列方式分为线阵 CCD 和面阵 CCD 两类,但无论是线阵 CCD 还是面阵 CCD,由于其固有的物理特性、工作机理等原因以及芯片结构、制作工艺 等的限制,CCD 像素精度不能做得很高。为了保证 CCD 像元具有足够的感光面积和防止 相邻像元之间的互相串扰,所有 CCD 器件的像元面积以及像元间距都不能做得太小,目 前一般在微米级别,这就限制了 CCD 在高精度测量领域中的应用。 关键词： CCD 结构  光敏元  图像处理 ABSTRACT Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) is the new type semiconductor integrated photoelectric device developed at the beginning of the seventies of the 20 th century. It was put forward at the first of 1970 by W. S. Boyle and G. E. Smith from the American Bell telephone laboratory. In the past thirties years, CCD device and its application technology have been developed rapidly with the develop MOS integrated circuit craft. CCD technology has become the current application of optics, electronics, precision machinery and computer technology as an integrated technology, modern photonics, optical detection techniques and modern technology in the field of the results of numerous tests. CCD device falls into linear CCD and MATRIX CCD according to its sensitization unit permutation way. No matter linear CCD or matrix CCD, the precision of CCD image cell cannot be made very high for the reasons such as its inherent physical characteristic and working mechanism, etc., or the restrictions as the structure of the chip and manufacture technology, etc. In order to ensure CCD image cell area and the space of all the CCD device cannot be so small, in one micron of ranks generally at present. So CCD is restricted to the application of high accuracy measure field. Keywords: CCD structure Photosensitive element Image processing 1 [2] [2] 1. 绪 论 1.1 CCD 的由来及发展历史 CCD 是于 1969 年由美国贝尔实验室的 W.S.Byole（威拉德·博伊尔）和 G.E.Smiht（乔治·史密斯）所发明的。当时贝尔实验室正在发展图像电话和半导体气 泡式存储器。将这两种新技术结起来后，博伊尔和史密斯得出一种设备，