词类转换------名词动用.docVIP

语法解读 名词转化为动词 英语在长期发展过程中,各类词逐渐失去词类标志。一个词可以不经过任何变化而用作另一类词,不改变词的形态,只是使某个词从一种词类转化成另一种词类,从而使该词具有新的意义和作用,成为一个新词,这种构词方法叫做词类转化法,简称转化法。 名词转化为动词是英语语言中一种比较普遍的现象,也是词类转化的一个重要组成部分。主要有以下几种情况: 1.许多可以表示物体的名词用作动词(意思也随之有些转变)。这样的词有book(预定),chair(主持),pin(钉住),seat(使某人坐下),picture(画),pencil(展示,描述),bag(装入),pocket(装在口袋里)等。如: Have you booked your tickets?你的票订好了吗? Who is to chair the meeting?谁来主持会议? He pinned great hopes on us. 他对我们寄予了很大希望。 It can seat a thousand people.它能坐(容纳)一千人。 The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor. 那个演讲人描绘了穷人的痛苦。 He hurriedly penciled the time on it. 他匆忙(用铅笔)在上面写下时间。 By noon he had bagged 3 hares. 到中午时,他已捕获了三只野兔。 The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials. 这些钱都进了贪官污吏的腰包。 2.表示身体某部位的名词也可作动词。这样的词有hand(传递),back(支持),shoulder(肩负),figure(抚摸),eye(注视),nose(侦察出),elbow(推挤),head(朝……前进)等。如: He handed the book to me.他递给了我那本书。 We’ve got to back him up.我们必须支持他。 He must shoulder his responsibilities. 他必须肩负他的责任。 She figured the silk gently.她轻轻地抚摸着那缎子。 He eyed her every movement.他注视着她的每个动作。 She’s always nosing into other people’s business. 她总爱管别人的闲事。 I elbowed my way through the crowd. 我推挤着穿过人群。 They headed for the gate.他们朝大门口走去。 3.某些表示一类人的名词也可用作动词。这样的词有nurse(护理),doctor(诊断),soldier(当兵),officer(指挥),father(当……的父亲;发明),spy(做间谍)等。如: She nursed me day and night for three weeks. 三个礼拜以来,她日夜护理我。 He feels he can doctor a common cold. 他感到他能治疗普通的感冒。 He had soldiered in France in his youth. 他年轻时在法国当过兵。 The army was officered by brave men. 这支军队由勇敢的人指挥。 He fathered the plan.这计划是他提出来的。 Spying is dangerous.当间谍是危险的。 4.一些表示实物的名词也可用作动词。这样的词有volunteer(主动提供),room(住),bridge(填补),flower(开花),floor(铺地板),oil(擦油),coat(涂上),duck(闪避)等。如: Many villagers volunteered the house to flood victims. 许多村民主动提出给遭受水灾的灾民提供住处。 We roomed together at college. 我们大学时同居一室。 They must try to bridge the generation gap between them. 他们必须填补他们之间的代沟。 I believe it is going to flower this year. 我相信它今年会开花。 He floored the room.他把房间铺上了地板。 He oiled his tools and put them away. 他给工具擦了油,并把它们收了起来