章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture-14课件.pptVIP

英语语法（二） 贵州师范学院外国语学院 王勇 2015.02.28 Unit 14 Passive Voice 14.1 Active sentence and passive sentence As has been pointed out, a sentence/clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active called an active sentence, and a sentence/clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is passive is called a passive sentence. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action ?Rules of change into the passive Most of the SVO/SVoO/SVOC patterns can be made passive. There are four rules of such transformation a)SVO Transformation the active object →the passive subject, the active verb phrase → the passive verb phrase the active subject →the passive agent introduced with by which is not necessary unless stressed. b) Modal or semi-auxiliary transformation If there is a modal or semi-auxiliary in the active verb phrase, it is the infinitive that follows that is made passive: They should do the work at once.→ The work should be done at once He is likely to let you down.→ You are likely to be let down c)SVoO transformation In this Pattern, there are two possible passive forms: the indirect object or the direct object becomes the subject of the passive sentence. They offered him some assistance. →He was offered some assistance. →Some assistance was offered (to) him. We must notice that the first form is much more common than the second. d) SVOC transformation In this pattern, the object complement becomes the subject complement of the passice sentence apart from the other changes: We have painted the windows white. →The windows have been painted white. d) SVOC transformation Whether or not a by-phrase is used in a passive sentence is determined by a number of factors. Generally speaking, a by-phrase is not necessary when the agent or doer of an action is unknown or unimportant. But it is necessary to have a by-phrase in cases where we want, for example, to stress the agent or doer: Haml