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Understanding CIC Compensation Filters April 2007, ver. 1.0 Application Note 455 Introduction The cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filter is a class of hardware-efficient linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters. CIC filters achieve sampling rate decrease (decimation) and sampling rate increase (interpolation) without using multipliers. Altera’s CIC Compiler MegaCore? function implements various CIC filters based on Hogenauer’s method. f CIC filters were first proposed by Eugene Hogenauer in 1981, For more information about CIC filters, refer to Eugene B. Hogenauer, “An economical class of digital filters for decimation and interpolation,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 155-162, April 1981. A CIC filter consists of an equal number of stages of ideal integrator filters and comb filters. Its frequency response may be tuned by selecting the appropriate number of cascaded integrator and comb filter pairs. The highly symmetric structure of a CIC filter allows efficient implementation in hardware. However, the disadvantage of a CIC filter is that its pass band is not flat, which is undesirable in many applications. Fortunately, this problem can be alleviated by a compensation filter. This application note presents theory and methods for designing CIC compensating filters for sample rate conversion systems. The MATLAB Signal Processing Toolbox is used to design the coefficients of the compensating FIR filters. This application note also describes how to choose parameters for designing a compensation filter and then implements an example decimation system using the Altera? CIC Compiler MegaCore function and the FIR Compiler MegaCore function. The following topics are discussed in this document: ■ “Prerequisites” on page 2 ■ “CIC Filter Structure” on page 2 ■ “CIC Compensation Filter Design” on page 4 ■ “Data Rate Down Conversion Example” on page 11 ■ “Conclusion” on page 17 Altera Corporation 1 AN-455-1.0 Prelimi