浙江大学保送生考试试题归类 翻译.docVIP

翻译题: 把古文翻译成英文 道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始。有名万物之母。故常无欲以观其妙；常有欲以观其徼。此两者，同出而异名。同谓之玄， 玄之又玄， 众妙之门。（注：道德经第一段） 译文： “道”，可以说得出它的具体形状的，那么，它就不是永恒不变的“道”；“名”，可以讲得出它的具体特征的，那么，它就不是永恒不变的“名”。 “无”，它是天地的开端，因为有了它，天地才能开始；“有”，它是万物的根本，一旦有了它，万物才能产生。 所以说，经常处于“无”，为的是观察天地的奥妙；经常处于“有”，为的是寻找万物的踪迹。 “有”和“无”，只不过是同一来源的不同名称罢了。它们都是这样深远而看不透，但确实是天地万物和一切奥妙的门户。 大意： 本章阐述道的特点，它玄奥幽深，是世间一切存在的根源。“有”和“无”，来源于道，是道的两种表现形式。 The Way that can be told of is not an Unvarying Way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the Nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, Only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the Secret Essences ; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the Outcomes. These two things issued from the same mould, but nevertheless are different in name. This same mould we can but call the Mystery, Or rather the Darker than any Mystery, The Doorway whence issued all Secret Essences. 2、大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。知止而后有定，定而后能静，静而后能安，安而后能虑，虑而后能得。物有本末，事有终始。知所先后，则近道矣。（注：《大学》前三句） 【译文】 大学的宗旨在于弘扬光明正大的品德，在于使人弃旧图新，在 于使人达到最完善的境界。 知道应达到的境界才能够志向坚定；志向坚定才能够镇静不 躁；镇静不躁才能够心安理得；心安理得才能够思虑周祥；思虑 周祥才能够有所收获。 每样东西都有根本，有枝未，每件事情都有开始有终结。明白了这本末始终的道理，就接近事物发展的规律了。 What the great learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. Things have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning. 3、天命之谓性 率性之谓道 修道之谓教 道也者,不可须臾离也. 可离,非道也.是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹,恐惧乎其所不闻.莫见乎隐,莫显乎微中庸第一句翻译 3、天长地久。天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长