凝胶渗透色谱定义和诊断要求.pptVIP

B.F.Kenney * * B.F.Kenney * * B.F.Kenney * * B.F.Kenney * * This slide represents a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of a polymer. The statistical molecular moments of the distribution, (Mn, Mv, Mw, and Mz) are illustrated. These moments are referred to as the number average molecular weight, viscosity average, weight average and Z average molecular weight, respectively, of the polymer. The ratio of the weight average (Mw) to the number average (Mn) is called the polydispersity of the polymer. The PD is a measure as to how narrow or broad the molecular weight distribution of a polymer is. It is important as it can be related to a variety of physical properties. B.F.Kenney * * B.F.Kenney * * A slight variation in solvent flow within any GPC system will translate into a large error in calculated MW value. For example, a flow rate error of 1% (i.e. 10 microliters per minute at 1.00 mL/min) will generate a 10% error in molecular weight. A 2% error will generate a 20% error, 3% will generate 30% and so on. Absolute flow precision - without using flow markers or s/w derived flow correction algorithms) is a prerequisite for successful GPC. Post-run flow correction using marker peaks or reference peak is not good enough for GPC - if a GPC systems pump is not delivering predictable and precise solvent flow, how precise is the imprecision - was the error in flow when running the standards the same as the error in flow when running the samples? B.F.Kenney * * In the solid state, most polymers will take on some sort of a semicrystalline structure. This crystalline structure is destroyed when we dissolve the polymer in a suitable solvent. For very crystalline structures, we may need to use very polar solvents and/or high temperature to destroy the crystalline structure and get the polymer into solution. B.F.Kenney * * Dissolving the polymer correctly into the solvent is a critical step in obtaining the correct MWD for the polymer. Sufficient time must be allowed to ensure