口腔解剖生理学之国外PPT--下颌第三磨牙全面.pptxVIP

DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR;Initial calcification;The lower third molar is the last tooth in the dental arch and the eighth from the middle line. ;It shows variations in size, form, number of cusps and number and form of roots.;The crown of this tooth in most cases resembles that of the lower second molars in the number of cusps (four cusps) and sometimes resembles the crown of the lower first molar (five cusps) or it may bear little resemblance to either.;In many cases, it is larger than the lower second molar.;;The crest of contour mesially and distally is located a little more than half the distance from cervical line to cusp tips.;In the four-cusp type; the molar is small and shows two buccal cusps only.;The mesio-buccal cusp is the widest and usually highest of the two or three buccal cusps.;;The root to crown ratio is smaller than that of first and second molar (1.6 to 1 compared to 1.8 to 1). ;The roots are more inclined distally than those of the first and second molars.;The roots may be separated or fused for all or part of their length.;If the roots are separated, the root trunk is long and the roots are usually more pointed at the apex than on other molars.;;The lingual surface is also very convex, but more than the buccal surface. ;From the mesial aspect, the tooth resembles the second molar except in dimensions and the more bulbous crown.;The mesial root is tapering more from cervix to apex and its apex is usually more pointed than that of the second molar.;From the aspect, the tooth is also similar to that of second molar except for size, absence of the distal contact area and the more pointed apex of the distal root.;The occlusal aspect is similar to that of the second or first mandibular molar according to the type of the third molar (four-cusp type or five-cusp type).;The occlusal outline is rectangular or oval mesio-distally but more rounded than that of lower first or second molars and the distal side is much smaller