(建构一个程式).pptVIP

Foundations of Computer Science Chapter 9 Programming Languages Outline Evolution of Computer Languages Note Evolution of Computer Languages A symbolic language uses symbols to represent various machine language instructions (指令)一個符號語言使用符號來表示各樣的機器語言指令 Symbolic languages are also called assembly languages符號語言也可以稱為組合語言 Evolution of Computer Languages High-level languages are portable (攜帶) to many different computers, allowing the programmer to concentrate (專注) on the application rather then the intricacies (錯綜複雜) of the computer高階語言可以攜帶到許多不同的電腦上執行，讓程式設計師可以專注於應用，而不是忙於電腦的一些瑣事 High-level languages (高階語言) BASIC, Pascal, Ada, C, C++, and Java Natural language (自然語言) Program in Machine Language (機器語言) Program in Symbolic Language (符號語言) Program in C++ Language (C++語言) Three Steps in Building a Program Writing and editing the Program撰寫與編輯程式 Text edit (文字編輯器) Source file (原始碼) Compiling the program程式編譯 Preprocessor (前處理器) Translator (轉譯器) Object module (目的碼模組) Linking the program with the required library modules將程式與所需要的函式模組連結 Subprogram (副程式) Linker (連結器) Building a Program Program Execution Categories of Language Procedural Language (程序語言) A procedural language is a set of instructions that are executed one by one from beginning to end unless an instruction forces the control elsewhere一個程序語言是一組指令的集合，它們從頭到尾一一被執行，除非一條指令強迫控制到別處 When programmers need to solve a problem using one of the procedural language, they should know the procedure to follow當程式設計師要用程序語言解決問題時他們要先知道依序的程序 The programmer should carefully design an algorithm, and the algorithm should be carefully translated to instruction程式設計師該仔細的設計演算法，而演算法也應該小心的被轉換成指令 Procedural Language (程序語言) FORTRAN COBOL Pascal C Ada FORTRAN Formula Translation (方程式轉譯程式語言) 1957, Jack Backus帶領IBM工程師設計出來 The first high-level language第一個高階語言 An ideal for scientific and engineering applications適合用於科學與工程用途 The Features (特徵) High-precision arithmetic高精確度的運算 Capability of handling complex numbers處理複數的能力 Exponentiation computation