组织学与胚胎学14泌尿系统(中英).pptx

Urinary SystemKidney 肾Ureter 输尿管Urinary bladder 膀胱Kidney 肾A. Introduction: 1. General structure: Each kidney has a concave border, the hilum, where blood vessels and ureter exit and communicate the kidney. The renal pelvis, the expanded upper end of the ureter, branches and rebranches into major calyces and minor calyces.2. Capsule被膜: CT containing rich fat cells. 3.Cortex:皮质Mainly locates at periphery with the renal column肾柱, the pillar-shaped cortex that exists between pyramid-like medulla.4. Medulla髓质: Centrally located 10 ~18 pyramid-like structures known as renal pyramids （肾椎体）, whose bases radially send out the medullary rays髓放线that separate the cortex into cortical labyrinth （皮质迷路）.肾叶： 每个肾锥体及与其相连的皮质肾小叶：每个髓放线及其周围的皮质迷路5. Kidney contains numerous uriniferous tubules泌尿小管, which are composed of nephrons肾单位and collecting tubules集合管.6. Nephron肾单位: The structural and functional unit of kidney.renal corpuscle肾小体: renal glomerulus + glomerulus capsule b. renal tubule肾小管: proximal convoluted tubules (C) + Henle’s loop + distal convoluted tubules (C).7. Functions of kidney: Clearance of metabolism wastes in blood stream; Regulation of mineral level and pH value in body. Nephron（肾单位）Renal corpuscle（肾小体）Renal tubule（肾小管）Proximal tubule～convoluted tubule～straight tubuleThin segmentDistal tubule～straight tubule～convoluted tubuleMedullary loop肾单位 nephron肾小体（ Renal corpuscle ） 血管球 肾小囊肾小管（ Renal tubule ）近端小管～曲部～直部细段远端小管～直部～曲部髓袢Cortical nephron（皮质~）85%，short loopformation of urineJuxtamedullary nephron（髓旁~）15%，long loopConcentrate urine1. Renal corpuscle （肾小体） : The place where the blood is filtered to form pre-urine. Has vascular pole血管极, where the afferent arteriole入球微A enters and thinner efferent arteriole出球微A leaves renal corpuscle, and urinary pole尿极, where the proximal convoluted tubule leaves the corpuscle.renal glomerulus(血管球): anastomizing fenestrated Caps 有孔毛细血管without diaphragm. permeability↑, have continuous basement membrane ？Mesangium(血管系膜，球内系膜）Intraglomerula