CMOS射频前端芯片设计.docVIP

1602IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 45, NO. 8, AUGUST 2010 Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Ampli?er Dae Hyun Kwon , Student Member, IEEE , Hao Li , Student Member, IEEE , Yuchun Chang , Member, IEEE , Richard Tseng , Student Member, IEEE , and Yun Chiu , Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—An energy-ef?cient,3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power ampli?er(PAis fabricated in a 0.13-m CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-DLUT adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms com-pensates for the I/Qmismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit ?lterswith 34-MHz cutoff frequency suf?cientlyattenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/sdigital-to-analog converters (DACs,while retaining high in-band ?delitywithout corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPRwas transmitted, the mea-sured average drain ef?ciency(DEof the PA was 12.5%at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5%at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVMwas measured to be 29.6dB and 26.3dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55%and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package. Index Terms—Adaptive equalizer, AM-AM, AM-PM, Class-B power ampli?er,CMOS RF transmitter, digital equalization, drain ef?ciency,error-vector magnitude, look-up table, memoryless non-linearities, OFDM, peak-to-average power ratio, power-added ef?ciency,power ampli?er,predistortion. I. I NTRODUCTION W HILE digital equalization has a long history of being used in communications, its application to nonlinear analog and RF circuits has been limited until recent years, mostly due to the comp