7.英汉对比之被动与主动教学文稿.pptVIP

Lecture 7;;英语惯用被动句的原因;2. 施事从上下文中可以不言自明 a. Your suggestion has been duly noted. 你的建议已得到及时关注。 b. She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许她向女主人申诉。 ;3. 施事(agent)不如受事(patient)重要，或受事需要强调 His only son was run over by a car. 她的独子被汽车轧了。 有时为了隐去含糊的人称主语（vague pronoun subject），也用被动句： At the tea party they served only tea and cake. At the tea party only tea and cake were served. 茶会上只供应茶和饼。 ;4. 由于特殊原因而不需指明施事，如为了使叙述显得圆通、得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪（tact or delicacy of sentiment） Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有些人在此讲了不该讲的话。 You are cordially invited to join in the celebrations of the May Day Festival on Sunday, May 1st, at 10:00 a.m., at Zhongshan Park. 五月一日（星期日）上午10点在中山公园举行“五一劳动节”庆祝活动，敬请光临。（出于礼貌、得体） ;英语惯用被动句的原因;;2. 为了使句子平衡，保持末端中心（end focus）和末端重量（end weight），以符合主语简短、谓语复杂的表达习惯 a. I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a job. 他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。 b. It is universally acknowledged that a single man of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 凡是有钱的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。;修辞的需要 英语修辞学主张不要过分使用被动句，但适当使用被动句可以使表达方法灵活多变，避免句型单调，达到一定的修辞效果。例如使用被动句可以减少以填补词“it”、“there”引导的句式，使句子比较干脆、有力。 There are many ways to vary the basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object. 有许多方法可以变换英语“主-动-宾”基本句型。 The basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object can be varied in many ways. 英语“主-动-宾”基本句型可以用许多方法加以变换。;???体的需要;;结构被动句 vs. 意义被动句;意义被动式在英语句子里较少见 1.These products sell like hot cakes. （=are sold） 这些产品十分畅销。 2. The clock needs repairing. （=is repaired） 这个钟需要修理。 3. The book is printing （=is being printed） 这本书正在印刷。 4. The room filled rapidly. （=was filled） 房间很快就挤满了。 ;词汇手段表达被动意义： 名词（短语） Examinee （=person examined） 受审查者；受试人 Interviewee （=person interviewed）受访者；参加面试者 His astonishment （=he was astonished） 他 感到惊讶 The imprisonment of the murderer （=the murderer was imprisoned）凶手被监禁 ;形容词 e