FOF介绍教学内容.docVIP

FOF介绍 精品文档 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 FOF介绍 Focus on form instruction makes up an important part of the literature on second language acquisition research. However, few works have both summarized and critically evaluated focus on form instruction. This article seeks to fill this gap. More precisely, it reviews its main principles, and points out the difficulties of implementing this relatively new pedagogical innovation in all but a limited number of instructional settings. It concludes by proposing conditions under which focus on form instruction could effectively function. 1. What is focus on form? Background: After a long time of debate on the advantages and disadvantages of form-focused instruction and meaning-focused instruction, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the mainstream view on this issue seemed to agree that second language teaching (acquisition) that is primarily meaning-focused can be improved if some degree of attention is paid to form. A few definitions: Focus on form … overtly draws students’ attention to linguistic elements as they arise incidentally in lessons whose overriding focus is on meaning or communication (Long, 1991, cited in Doughty, 2001) Focus on form involves an occasional shift in attention to linguistic code features — by the teacher and/or one or more students — triggered by perceived problems with comprehension or production (Long and Robinsin, 1998) ? Focus on form: within a communicative approach, referring to learners and teachers addressing formal features of language that play a role in the meanings that are negotiated. This is contrasted with a focus on formS, which emphasis formal aspects rather than meaningful activities (Carter and Nunan, 2001). ? … a focus on form entails a focus on formal elements of language, whereas focus on forms is limited to such a focus, and focus on meaning excludes it. … the fundamental assumption … is tha