大学英语讲稿1.2.ppt

Most important to their success, however, are high-quality faculty, committed and well-prepared students, and sufficient resources. Inversion Despite notable exceptions, most higher education institutions in developing countries suffer severe deficiencies in each of these areas. As a result, few perform to a consistently high standard. Deficient/ sufficient / proficient /efficient/ effective/ defective Language points 3 2 1 Faculty Quality Problems Faced by Students Insufficient Resources and Autonomy Unfortunately, even at flagship universities in developing countries, many faculty members have little, if any, graduate level training. The students, who are frequently unable to afford a textbook, must then transcribe the notes into a notebook and those students who regurgitate a credible portion of their notes from memory achieve exam success. Transcribe/ describe/ prescribe/ inscribe/ subscribe/ manuscript/ script Language points These passive approaches to teaching have little value in a world where creativity and flexibility are at a premium. Improving the quality of faculty is made more difficult by the ill-conceived incentive structures found in many developing countries. Conceive/ deceive/ receive/ perceive Language points Faculty pay is generally very low in relation to that offered by alternative professional occupations. Pay increases are governed by bureaucratic personnel systems that reward long service rather than success in teaching or research. Favoritism and patronage contribute to academic inbreeding that denies universities the benefit of intellectual cross-fertilization. Contribute to Language points Attribute to Distribute Higher education institutions rely on the commitment of their faculty. Their consistent presence and availability to students and colleagues have an enormous influence in creating an atmosphere that encourages learning. Poor basic and secondary education, combined