环境因子对动物生产之影响 文档资料.pptVIP

環境因子對動物生產之影響 方煒 台大生機系 Engineering F undamentals ： part II Impact of Environmental factors to the animal Impact of Temperature Impact of Humidity Q T , Q s , Q L THI and MPD Impact of Air Velocity Impact of Radiation BGT and WBGT Temperature LCT, Neutral zone, UCT Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 Air temperature, o C Impact of Temperature Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 Growth rate Energy Efficiency Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 From -14 to 24 o C No impact in MP Milk Production Decline at T 25 o C At 30 o C, MP reduced by 25% At 35 o C, MP reduced by 50% Known facts Optimum Temperature zone for mature Holstein cows: 10 – 20 o C for new born: 10 – 15 o C Milk Production Decline at T25 o C Temperature of Tainan, Taiwan (based on 1981-1994 hourly weather data) Probability of T= 15 o C is 9.3% Probability of T= 20 o C is 27.68% Probability of T 25 o C is 39.63% Probability of Twb =25 o C is 32.1% Probability of Twb =26 o C is 20.27% Probability of Twb =27 o C is 9.02% Probability of Twb =28 o C is 2.15% Impact of Humidity Tdb (℃) RH (%) Holstein Cow Jersey Cow 24 38 100 100 24 76 96 99 34 46 63 68 34 80 41 56 Relative MP At high T, impact of RH is severe. Total heat loss per unit body mass, in W/kg Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 400 – 450 kg breeding age (20 months) Holstein Dairy Calf 600 kg Mature Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 500 kg Cow = 1 kW heater, producing 1.2 kg water/min 24 o C Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 Q T Q S Q S At high temperature, latent heat is dominated Heat Output: Q s +Q L =Q T Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 At high temperature, heat dissipation is dominated by latent heat Q T Q T Q L Q L Adapted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2019 % of Q L in Q T Air temperature, o C Q L Q T Adapted f