英语语法基础知识84723.ppt

Grammar 语言 语义系统 语音系统 文字系统 结构系统 ( 语法 ) 语法层次 语法结构的 五 个层次 ? 词素 (Morpheme) ? 词 ( Word) ? 词组 (Phrase) ? 分句 (Clause) ? 句子 (Sentence) morphemes 词素（ morpheme) free bound lexical (child) Functional(and) derivational(re-) Inflectional(‘s) 词 (word) 构词法 简单词（ Simple ) 派生词（ Derivative ） 复合词（ Compound ） 句法功能 功能词（ Function ） 实义祠（ Content) 分句类型 (Types of clauses) Independent ( main; min S+V, complete ) 独立分句 ( 主干 , 主谓齐全，完整） I love linguistics. You believe me. Dependent ( subordinate; SUB CONJ, incomplete ) 从属子句 （从属，需加连词，不完整） when she entered the room who delivered the lecture 句子类型 (Types of sentences) 简单句 Simple (one independent clause) She read the book . 并列句 Compound (2 independent clauses connected with co-ordinating conjunctions: 并列连 词 ) She read the book but she didnt like it 。 复合句 Complex (a combination of dependent (subordinate) and independent clauses ：从属连 词、连接代词、连接副词 ) She read the book while she was in college . 并列复合句 Compound-Complex (2 independent clauses + 1() dependent clauses) He jumped for joy and screamed very loudly when his team won the game. 简单句： 句子只包含一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成分都是 由 单词或者短语 表示。 ? A school is an important place to students. ? Many people have a close relationship with their pets. ? The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks. 并列句： 两个或两个以上互相独立的主谓结构、由 并列连词 连接。 ? Oliver came to the party, but Rose did not. ? Every room in the house has its own function and it is difficult to imagine the life without one of them. Tip: 根据两个简单句之间的关系 — 结合、选择、转折，因果， 选择不同的并列连词 结合： and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also 选择： or, either…or, neither…nor. or else.. Otherwise 转折： but, yet, however, nevertheless, while, whereas 因果： for, so