transportationandtrafficcongestion交通堵塞课堂.pptVIP

Wang Yantian Xu Guodong He Haohong 1 INTRODUCTION: ? The movement of people and goods within a city is a special area of transportation with unique characteristics. Several modes of transportation compete or complement each other in providing transportation services in the city. A dense network of transportation services affects the efficiency of operation in an urban area that causes traffic congestion. There is a direct connection between transportation and the city growth. ? Pollution and congestion are additional costs related to transportation. ? Effect of pollution are two fold: negative effects on health of humans, animals andvegetation and expenditure for pollution reduction and cleanup. Congestion produces wasted productive time due to the extended travel time. 2 4/5/2020 ? Private automobile : This involves drive alone, drive with a passenger or passengers in a private car. Carpooling is the organized commute with a minimum of two people in the vehicle. Most common form of carpooling is the intra-household where two or more member of the household utilize same car. Carpooling between co-workers is less popular despite its potential to reduce congestion on roadways. ? Van Pooling: This is voluntary or company Organized commute to work. Either a group of individuals agree to lease a van from a provider or company provides transportation to and from work. In several areas where there is severe congestion on the roadways, pressure is applied on the employers to reduce the number of trips generated by their employees through the institution of car and van pools. This reduces congestion on the roadways. ? Taxis: These are either owner operated or privately owned that provide transportation to the general public. Major markets for taxis are tourists, visitor, and business people. Also for people in a hurry and people who do not need a car at their destination tend to hire taxi service. Buses: These usually are publicly owned mass transit system used for sch