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Chapter 7 EV and PHEV Battery Charging: Grid and Renewable Energy Interface 7.1 Introduction One of the biggest challenges in electric transportation is storing electrical energy for use in desired times and desired amounts. Batteries are mostly considered because of their high energy density compared to their counterparts and also their ability to get charged providing regenerative braking capability. The electro- chemical nature of batteries has a highly nonlinear behavior and dependent on many factors such as state of charge, state of health, r