开放经济的宏观经济理论.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 预算赤字对可贷资金市场的影响Effect of Budget Deficits on the Loanable Funds Market 政府预算赤字减少了国内储蓄，于是 A government budget deficit reduces domestic saving, which . . . . . . 将可贷资金供给曲线向左移动，于是shifts the supply curve for loanable funds to the left, which . . . 抬升了利率 raises interest rates. * 政府预算赤字对资本净流出的影响Effect of Budget Deficits on net capital outflow 更高的利率减少了资本净流出。Higher interest rates reduce net capital outflow. * 对外汇市场的影响Effect on the Foreign-Currency Exchange Market 资本净流出的下降减少了用来换取外汇的美元的供给。 A decrease in net capital outflow reduces the supply of dollars to be exchanged into foreign currency. 这导致了实际汇率的升值 。 This causes the real exchange rate to appreciate. 净出口下降，即贸易赤字增加。 Net export will decrease, or trade deficit will increase. * 贸易政策Trade Policy 贸易政策是直接影响一国进口或出口物品与服务数量的政府政策。 A trade policy is a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services that a country imports or exports. 关税：对进口物品的征税。 Tariff: A tax on an imported good. 进口配额：对在国外生产而在国内销售的物品的数量的限制。 Import quota: A limit on the quantity of a good produced abroad and sold domestically. * 进口配额的影响Effect of an Import Quota 进口配额减少了进口。给定其他条件不变，这增加了净出口。 An import quota reduces imports, thus increases NX, ceteris paribus. 因为外国人需要美元来购买美国的净出口，外汇市场上对美元的需求增加了。 Because foreigners need dollars to buy U.S. net exports, there is an increased demand for dollars in the market for foreign-currency. * 进口配额的影响Effect of an Import Quota 因为可贷资金市场上什么也没有发生，所以利率不会改变。 Th