托福课件 文章结构.ppt

三、谋篇布局 1. 文章结构 2. 论证结构 3. 开头段 4. 结尾段 5. 正文段展开（支持段、让步段） ;1. 文章结构 四段或者五段 正文段两段或者三段 ;字数分配和时间分配 开头 30—50字 3’ 结尾 30字 2’ 正文段：两段（每段150字 10’） 三段（每段100字 7’） 审题 2’ 检查 2’ ;2. 论证结构 绝对论证 让步论证;绝对论证 ;让步论证 ;3. 开头段 ;General Background（背景） 找背景的常用角度： Importance ...play an essential role in... Influence ...had a widespread/positive/negative impact on... Prevalence There is a general trend that... An increasing number of people... ; Topic Paraphrase However, the opinions about...are varied. Whether...is a controversial topic. Some educators(Experts) believe(advocate/recommend/propose) that... Whether … is under fierce discussion. Whether … has aroused a wide discussion. Thesis Statement ;The rapid growth of cities has a mostly positive impact on the development of the society.;General Background 城市化对国家发展很重要。 城市化进程对国家的发展有很大的影响。 在今天这个时代，城市的快速发展已经成为有一种趋势。 ;There is a general trend that urban development is increasingly fast in this day and age. Some experts advocate that the rapid development of cities brings numerous benefits to the society. I agree. ;The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salary.;Education is fundamental to a country’s future development, and many approaches are raised to enhance the quality of schooling. Some people recommend that increasing teachers’ income should be the best one. Hardly can I agree. ;Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. In your opinion, are such relationships good? ;Pets are an integral part of the modern life. However, whether it is beneficial to have a close relationship with them is a controversial topic. I believe such a relationship brings benefits to people in various ways (despite some potential harms). ;People should not pay for public transportation. ;There is a general trend that the situation of traffic jams and air pol